Scientific documents library

Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development February 2012

This clinical case report illustrates an example of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The XN-Series analyser identified abnormal scattergrams and multiple flags such as ‘Blasts/Abn Lympho?’, ‘IG Present’ or ‘Basophilia’. These findings led to a blood smear and digital imaging identified massive numbers of neutrophils and IG.

This case study has been kindly provided and compiled by Priv.-Doz. Dr Mathias Zimmermann and describes results of a patient with a suspected diagnosis of a systemic bacterial infection with clear signs of infection over a course of time. Delta-He, the difference between the haemoglobin content of the newly-formed reticulocytes (RET-He) and the haemoglobin content of the mature red blood cells (RBC-He) is usually positive in healthy people but turns negative within a few hours due to inflammation as there is an iron deficiency. Also, the ICIS (Intensive Care Infection Score), an RUO application on Extended IPU, gives some interesting insights in this example case.

The lab information card explains how the MWO (monocytosis workflow optimisation) optimises the workflow and improves CMML detection in samples with monocytosis by using the ‘mono-dysplasia score’, monocyte count and information from the WBC scattergram.

The lab card illustrates the value of the RET application and points to the advanced clinical parameter RET-He (reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent) and IRF (immature reticulocyte fraction). Front side addresses the core messages for lab and clinical benefits, flip side contains technical information.

This white paper intents to give an overview of the most common types of anaemia with a focus on how haematological parameters such as RET-He and other advanced RBC parameters could help to distinguish different causes of anaemia. The white paper also summarises current guidelines and publications on advanced RBC parameters.

Haemostasis is a complex process that helps to keep the blood in a fluid state and prevent blood loss at the site of injury. While the intact endothelium of blood vessels has an anti-thrombogenic function that prevents blood coagulation, in the case of vessel wall damage, the exposed sub-endothelial components initiate the formation of a clot that will stop blood loss.